Africa was scarcely possessed by the Saracens, ere those restlessconquerors passed over to Spain. Their character seems however to havebeen already softened; for we no longer find among the Moorishinvaders of the peninsula, the fierce barbarism of the early followersof Mahomet; and the kingdoms which they founded in that delightfulland, were celebrated for the industry, ingenuity and cultivation oftheir inhabitants. The Moors of Spain soon threw off their allegianceto the Caliphs in the East; and two independent kingdoms were alsofounded in Atlantic Barbary. In 790, Edris-ben Abdallah, governor ofAlmagrab, or the West, which name was applied to the ancientMauritania, assumed the title of Sultan of Fez, from his capital city;his successors ruled supreme over Western Africa, until the middle ofthe eleventh century, when the Almoravides, a fanatic sect, obtainedpossession of the southern part, and established the kingdom ofMaraksh, or Morocco. These two principalities now form the empire ofMorocco. Eastern Barbary in the gradual dismemberment of the Arabiandominions, first became one kingdom under a family of sovereignscalled the Aglabites, who for some time reigned with great splendor atKairuan, they were overthrown in 909, by an expedition from Sicily,then a Saracen province, and the country was for nearly six hundredyears after, ruled or ravaged by various dynasties.
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